Overview
CVE-2025-55059 is a reported vulnerability concerning Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), specifically categorized as CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation. This vulnerability allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. This can lead to session hijacking, defacement, or the theft of sensitive information.
Technical Details
The vulnerability stems from insufficient sanitization or encoding of user-supplied input that is subsequently displayed within a web page. An attacker can exploit this by crafting malicious input (e.g., containing JavaScript code) and submitting it through a vulnerable form field, URL parameter, or other input vector. When the application renders this input without proper sanitization, the injected script executes in the victim’s browser.
A typical example might involve a search function. If a user searches for <script>alert('XSS')</script> and the search query is displayed on the results page without proper encoding, the JavaScript code will execute.
CVSS Analysis
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) score for CVE-2025-55059 is 4.8 (Medium).
- Base Score: 4.8
- Vector String: (Hypothetical, example: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N) – While the provided information doesn’t include the full CVSS vector, a medium score generally indicates that user interaction is required (e.g., clicking a malicious link) and the impact primarily affects confidentiality and integrity on a limited scale.
A medium severity suggests that the vulnerability is exploitable under certain conditions but likely doesn’t provide complete control over the system.
Possible Impact
Successful exploitation of CVE-2025-55059 can lead to a variety of adverse outcomes, including:
- Session Hijacking: Attackers can steal user session cookies, allowing them to impersonate legitimate users.
- Website Defacement: Injecting malicious code can alter the visual appearance of the website, damaging its reputation.
- Redirection to Malicious Sites: Users can be redirected to phishing sites or websites hosting malware.
- Credential Theft: Malicious scripts can be designed to steal user credentials by creating fake login forms or logging keystrokes.
- Data Exfiltration: Sensitive data displayed on the page or accessible through JavaScript can be extracted.
Mitigation and Patch Steps
To mitigate the risk posed by CVE-2025-55059, the following steps are recommended:
- Input Validation: Implement robust input validation on both the client-side and server-side to ensure that user-supplied data conforms to expected formats and does not contain malicious characters.
- Output Encoding/Escaping: Encode or escape all user-supplied data before rendering it in web pages. Use context-appropriate encoding methods, such as HTML entity encoding for HTML contexts, JavaScript encoding for JavaScript contexts, and URL encoding for URL contexts.
- Content Security Policy (CSP): Implement a strong Content Security Policy (CSP) to restrict the sources from which the browser can load resources, effectively limiting the impact of injected scripts.
- Regular Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing to identify and address potential XSS vulnerabilities.
- Update Dependencies: Keep all software dependencies, including libraries and frameworks, up to date with the latest security patches.
- Use a Web Application Firewall (WAF): Deploy a WAF to detect and block XSS attacks. Configure the WAF with rules that specifically target common XSS patterns.
