Overview
This article provides a comprehensive overview of CVE-2025-62173, a critical authenticated SQL injection vulnerability affecting the Endpoint Module’s REST API in FreePBX. This vulnerability, reported on 2025-12-04, could allow an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary SQL commands, potentially leading to data breaches, system compromise, and other severe consequences. While the CVSS score is currently marked as N/A, the inherent risk of SQL injection warrants immediate attention and mitigation.
Technical Details
CVE-2025-62173 stems from insufficient input sanitization within the Endpoint Module’s REST API. Specifically, certain parameters passed to the API are not properly validated before being incorporated into SQL queries. An attacker with valid FreePBX credentials could craft malicious requests containing SQL injection payloads. These payloads, when processed by the vulnerable API endpoint, would be executed against the FreePBX database.
Successful exploitation could allow the attacker to:
- Read sensitive data from the database, including user credentials, call records, and configuration details.
- Modify database records, potentially disrupting services or escalating privileges.
- Execute arbitrary operating system commands via SQL injection (depending on database configuration and privileges).
CVSS Analysis
While the CVSS score is currently listed as N/A, SQL injection vulnerabilities are generally considered high-severity due to their potential for widespread impact. A proper CVSS score, once assigned, is likely to be in the High or Critical range. Factors contributing to a high score would include the ease of exploitation (requires authentication but is otherwise straightforward), the potential for privilege escalation, and the potential for data loss and system compromise.
Possible Impact
The potential impact of CVE-2025-62173 is significant. A successful exploit could lead to:
- Data Breach: Exposure of sensitive information stored in the FreePBX database.
- System Compromise: Gain of unauthorized access to the FreePBX server and potentially other systems on the network.
- Service Disruption: Modification or deletion of database records leading to disruption of phone services.
- Financial Loss: Costs associated with incident response, data recovery, and reputational damage.
Mitigation and Patch Steps
To mitigate CVE-2025-62173, it is crucial to take the following steps:
- Apply the Patch: Upgrade the FreePBX Endpoint Module to the latest version containing the security fix. Check the FreePBX module updates via the GUI.
- Review User Permissions: Ensure that user accounts have the minimum necessary privileges.
- Web Application Firewall (WAF): Implement a WAF to filter malicious requests and block SQL injection attempts. While this adds a layer of defense, applying the official patch is essential.
- Input Validation: Validate all inputs coming from the REST API, even after patching.
