Overview
CVE-2025-63402 describes a medium severity vulnerability affecting HCL Technologies Limited’s HCLTech GRAGON product. Specifically, versions prior to 7.6.0 are susceptible to remote code execution (RCE). This vulnerability stems from a lack of input validation on API endpoints, allowing attackers to potentially overwhelm the system and execute arbitrary code.
Technical Details
The vulnerability lies in the improper handling of requests made to GRAGON’s APIs. The affected APIs do not enforce limits on either the number of requests made within a specific timeframe or the size of individual requests. An attacker could exploit this by sending a large volume of excessively sized requests to the APIs. This could lead to resource exhaustion, potentially causing a denial-of-service (DoS) condition. Furthermore, depending on the specific API endpoints and their underlying implementation, the attacker could leverage this lack of input validation to inject malicious code, ultimately achieving remote code execution on the affected system. The exact method of code execution will vary based on the system configuration and API used, but the underlying root cause is the insufficient validation.
CVSS Analysis
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) assigns CVE-2025-63402 a score of 5.5, indicating a MEDIUM severity. While specifics are not provided, we can infer a likely vector based on the vulnerability description. The CVSS vector would likely include elements such as:
- Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – Vulnerability can be exploited over a network.
- Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – Little specialized access or extenuating circumstances are required.
- Privileges Required (PR): None (N) – No privileges are required to exploit the vulnerability.
- User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user interaction is required.
- Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority.
- Confidentiality Impact (C): Low (L)
- Integrity Impact (I): Low (L)
- Availability Impact (A): Low (L)
The medium severity rating reflects the potential for remote code execution, but might be lower due to factors like specific system configurations needed for successful exploitation or limitations on the scope of the impact.
Possible Impact
Successful exploitation of CVE-2025-63402 could have several significant impacts:
- Remote Code Execution (RCE): An attacker could gain the ability to execute arbitrary code on the affected server, potentially leading to complete system compromise.
- Data Breach: An attacker could potentially access sensitive data stored within the GRAGON system.
- Denial of Service (DoS): Flooding the APIs with requests can cause the system to become unresponsive, disrupting services.
- System Compromise: Depending on the privileges obtained, an attacker could modify system configurations, install malware, or use the compromised system as a launchpad for further attacks on the network.
Mitigation and Patch Steps
To mitigate the risk posed by CVE-2025-63402, HCLTech GRAGON users are strongly advised to take the following steps:
- Upgrade to Version 7.6.0 or Later: The primary solution is to upgrade to HCLTech GRAGON version 7.6.0 or a later version, which contains the necessary fixes to address the vulnerability.
- Implement API Rate Limiting: Even before upgrading, consider implementing rate limiting on the GRAGON APIs to prevent attackers from overwhelming the system with excessive requests.
- Input Validation: Thoroughly review and strengthen input validation mechanisms on all API endpoints. Ensure that request sizes and the number of requests per time unit are strictly limited.
- Web Application Firewall (WAF): Deploying a WAF with rules designed to detect and block malicious API requests can provide an additional layer of protection.
- Monitor System Resources: Closely monitor system resource usage (CPU, memory, network bandwidth) for any anomalies that may indicate an attempted exploit.
