CVE-2025-14108: Critical Command Injection Vulnerability Plagues ZSPACE Q2C NAS Devices

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Overview

CVE-2025-14108 describes a critical command injection vulnerability found in ZSPACE Q2C NAS devices up to version 1.1.0210050. This flaw allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the affected system. The vendor was notified but has not responded to the disclosure, making prompt mitigation crucial for users of these devices.

Technical Details

The vulnerability resides within the zfilev2_api.OpenSafe function, which is part of the HTTP POST request handler at /v2/file/safe/open. The attack involves manipulating the safe_dir argument, allowing an attacker to inject malicious commands into the system’s execution flow.

Specifically, the improper sanitization of the safe_dir input allows for the injection of operating system commands. The code likely uses this argument in a function call that executes a system command, without proper validation.

An example of how this vulnerability could be exploited is (illustrative, may not be exact):

        POST /v2/file/safe/open HTTP/1.1
        Host: vulnerable-nas.example.com
        Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

        safe_dir=;id&;

In this example, the attacker injects the ‘id’ command. Due to the lack of proper input validation, the NAS device executes the injected command in addition to any legitimate directory access attempt.

CVSS Analysis

The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS score of 8.8, indicating a HIGH severity. This score reflects the following characteristics:

  • Attack Vector: Network (AV:N) – The attack can be launched remotely.
  • Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L) – The conditions required to exploit the vulnerability are easily met.
  • Privileges Required: None (PR:N) – No privileges are required to exploit the vulnerability.
  • User Interaction: None (UI:N) – No user interaction is required.
  • Scope: Changed (S:C) – Exploiting the vulnerability can affect resources beyond the attacker’s control.
  • Confidentiality Impact: High (C:H) – The attacker can gain access to sensitive information.
  • Integrity Impact: High (I:H) – The attacker can modify system data.
  • Availability Impact: High (A:H) – The attacker can cause a denial-of-service condition.

Possible Impact

The potential impact of this vulnerability is significant. An attacker could:

  • Gain complete control of the NAS device.
  • Access and steal sensitive data stored on the device.
  • Modify or delete data, leading to data loss.
  • Use the compromised NAS device as a launchpad for further attacks on other network devices.
  • Install malware or ransomware.
  • Cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition, rendering the NAS device unusable.

Mitigation or Patch Steps

Unfortunately, as the vendor has not responded, there is currently no official patch available. Users of ZSPACE Q2C NAS devices are advised to take the following mitigation steps immediately:

  • Isolate the NAS device: Place the NAS behind a firewall and restrict access to only trusted IP addresses.
  • Disable Remote Access: If possible, disable remote access to the NAS device.
  • Monitor Network Traffic: Monitor network traffic for any suspicious activity originating from or destined for the NAS device.
  • Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules: If feasible, use a WAF to filter requests to the /v2/file/safe/open endpoint. Specifically, look for and block requests containing command injection attempts (e.g., shell metacharacters like ;, |, &, $(...), etc.).
  • Consider Alternative Solutions: Evaluate the possibility of migrating to a more secure NAS solution.

Disclaimer: These are only temporary mitigation steps. A proper patch from the vendor is essential to fully address this vulnerability.

References

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