Overview
CVE-2025-63364 details a security vulnerability found in the Waveshare RS232/485 TO WIFI ETH (B) Serial to Ethernet/Wi-Fi Gateway Firmware V3.1.1.0, specifically affecting HW 4.3.2.1 and Webpage V7.04T.07.002880.0301. The gateway transmits administrator credentials in plaintext, potentially allowing unauthorized access and control of the device and connected systems.
Technical Details
The vulnerability stems from the insecure transmission of administrator credentials. Instead of employing encryption or hashing mechanisms, the gateway transmits the username and password in their original, unencrypted form. This exposure could occur during authentication processes, configuration updates, or other communication channels. An attacker intercepting network traffic could easily obtain these credentials, gaining complete administrative control over the gateway.
CVSS Analysis
Currently, the CVSS score is not available (N/A). A CVSS score will provide a quantitative measure of the vulnerability’s severity and should be consulted when available. However, the plaintext transmission of credentials inherently poses a significant security risk.
Possible Impact
The impact of this vulnerability could be severe. An attacker who gains access to the administrator credentials could:
- Gain complete control of the gateway: This allows the attacker to modify configurations, update firmware (potentially with malicious versions), and control the device’s functionality.
- Compromise connected serial devices: The gateway acts as a bridge between serial devices (RS232/485) and the network. Compromising the gateway allows access to and control of these connected devices, potentially impacting industrial control systems (ICS) or other critical infrastructure.
- Launch further attacks: The compromised gateway can be used as a stepping stone to attack other devices on the network.
- Data breaches: Sensitive data transmitted through the serial connections could be intercepted and exposed.
Mitigation or Patch Steps
To mitigate the risks associated with CVE-2025-63364, the following steps should be taken:
- Upgrade Firmware: Check the Waveshare website for a firmware update that addresses this vulnerability. Applying the latest firmware is the most effective solution.
- Network Segmentation: Isolate the gateway and connected serial devices on a separate network segment. This limits the potential damage if the gateway is compromised.
- Monitor Network Traffic: Implement network monitoring solutions to detect suspicious activity.
- Implement Access Controls: Restrict access to the gateway’s web interface and network ports. Use strong passwords and multi-factor authentication where possible (if supported by the gateway). However, given the vulnerability, assume existing password-based authentication is untrustworthy until patched.
- Consider Alternative Solutions: If a patched firmware is not available and the risk is deemed unacceptable, consider replacing the device with a more secure alternative.
