Overview
CVE-2025-55948 identifies a significant vulnerability within the role-based access control (RBAC) implementation of yzcheng90’s X-SpringBoot 6.0 framework. This flaw allows attackers to bypass intended authorization controls, potentially leading to privileged operations and data breaches.
Technical Details
The vulnerability stems from a fundamental design weakness where the frontend menu system and backend permission tables are not atomically synchronized. Specifically, updates to the frontend (e.g., revoking a user’s privilege, which removes a menu option) don’t immediately propagate to the backend permission table. This desynchronization creates a window of opportunity for attackers. Even though a user’s access is restricted through the web interface, their stale permission records in the backend still validate unauthorized API requests made directly, bypassing the intended UI-based limitations. This can be exploited using tools like Postman or `curl` to craft and send API requests.
The root cause is the lack of a consistent transaction mechanism that ensures changes to user roles and permissions are simultaneously applied across both the UI rendering layer and the authorization enforcement layer. This absence leads to a state where the UI correctly reflects a user’s reduced privileges, but the API layer still grants them access based on outdated data.
CVSS Analysis
Currently, the CVSS score for CVE-2025-55948 is N/A. This score is pending assessment. Given the potential for significant impact (data breaches, privilege escalation, system compromise), it is highly likely to be rated as High or Critical once a CVSS score is assigned.
Possible Impact
Exploitation of this vulnerability could have severe consequences, including:
- Creation of High-Permission User Accounts: Attackers can create new user accounts with elevated privileges, granting them full control over the system.
- Access to Sensitive Data: Unauthorized access to sensitive data beyond the attacker’s clearance level, potentially leading to data breaches and compliance violations.
- Execution of Admin-Level Commands: Attackers can execute privileged commands, allowing them to modify system configurations, install malware, or disrupt services.
Mitigation and Patch Steps
Immediate mitigation steps should focus on:
- Verifying API Access Controls: Conduct thorough testing of all API endpoints to ensure that access is properly restricted based on current user roles and permissions.
- Implementing Real-Time Synchronization: Implement a mechanism to ensure that changes to user roles and permissions are immediately and consistently applied across both the frontend and backend systems. This may involve using database transactions, messaging queues, or other synchronization techniques.
- Applying the Patch: The most effective solution is to apply the official patch provided by yzcheng90 for X-SpringBoot 6.0. Monitor the project’s repository (linked below) for updates and instructions.
- Web Application Firewall (WAF) Rules: Consider deploying WAF rules to detect and block suspicious API requests that attempt to exploit this vulnerability.
