Overview
CVE-2025-65881 describes a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability discovered in Sourcecodester Zoo Management System version 1.0. This vulnerability resides in the /classes/Login.php file and can be exploited by attackers to inject malicious scripts into the web application, potentially compromising user accounts and data.
Technical Details
The vulnerability exists due to insufficient input validation and output encoding in the /classes/Login.php file. An attacker can inject malicious JavaScript code through a vulnerable parameter during the login process. This injected script will then be executed in the context of other users accessing the application, allowing the attacker to perform actions on their behalf.
CVSS Analysis
Currently, a CVSS score has not been assigned to CVE-2025-65881. Due to the nature of XSS vulnerabilities and the potential impact, it is expected to receive a score that reflects its severity. While the current score is listed as N/A, it’s important to understand the possible impact of XSS which can range from information theft to complete account takeover.
Possible Impact
Successful exploitation of this XSS vulnerability can have several serious consequences:
- Account Takeover: An attacker could steal user session cookies and hijack user accounts.
- Data Theft: Sensitive information displayed within the application, such as user details or zoo animal data, could be stolen.
- Malware Distribution: The injected script could redirect users to malicious websites or trick them into downloading malware.
- Defacement: The attacker could modify the appearance of the website, causing reputational damage.
Mitigation and Patch Steps
To mitigate the risk posed by CVE-2025-65881, the following steps are recommended:
- Input Validation: Implement strict input validation on all user-supplied data, especially within the
/classes/Login.phpfile. Ensure that all input is validated against expected formats and lengths. - Output Encoding: Encode all output rendered in the web application to prevent the browser from interpreting user-supplied data as code. Use appropriate encoding functions for the specific context (e.g., HTML encoding for HTML output, JavaScript encoding for JavaScript output).
- Web Application Firewall (WAF): Deploy a Web Application Firewall to detect and block malicious requests attempting to exploit the vulnerability.
- Patching: Apply the security patch released by Sourcecodester as soon as it becomes available. Monitor Sourcecodester’s website for updates.
