Overview
CVE-2025-58386 is a critical vulnerability affecting Terminalfour versions 8 through 8.4.1.1. This flaw allows a Power User to escalate their privileges (or those of other low-privileged accounts) to that of an Administrator. This is achieved by manipulating the userLevel parameter in the user management function during account creation or modification.
Technical Details
The vulnerability lies in the lack of proper server-side authorization checks when handling the userLevel parameter. A Power User, by intercepting and modifying the network request involved in user creation or modification, can assign the Administrator role to a target account. This account can be an existing lower-privileged account or a newly created one. Furthermore, the Power User can simultaneously change the target account’s password during this process, effectively taking complete control of the account with escalated privileges.
Exploitation involves intercepting the HTTP request (e.g., using a proxy like Burp Suite or OWASP ZAP) when creating or editing a user. The attacker then modifies the userLevel parameter within the request payload to the value associated with the Administrator role within Terminalfour (the specific value will depend on the system configuration but is usually an integer). Upon successful modification and submission of the crafted request, the target account will have its privileges elevated.
CVSS Analysis
As per the information provided, a CVSS score is not yet available for CVE-2025-58386. However, given the potential for complete system compromise through privilege escalation, a high to critical CVSS score is anticipated once calculated. Factors contributing to a high score include:
- Confidentiality Impact: Complete, as the attacker gains full administrative access.
- Integrity Impact: Complete, as the attacker can modify any data within the system.
- Availability Impact: Complete, as the attacker can disrupt or shut down the system.
- Attack Complexity: Low, requiring only the ability to intercept and modify HTTP requests.
- Privileges Required: Low (Power User access).
- User Interaction: None.
- Scope: Changed.
Possible Impact
The exploitation of CVE-2025-58386 can have severe consequences:
- Complete System Compromise: Attackers gain full control of the Terminalfour system, allowing them to modify content, steal data, and disrupt services.
- Data Breach: Sensitive data stored within Terminalfour can be accessed and exfiltrated.
- Website Defacement: The attacker can modify website content to deface the site or spread misinformation.
- Malware Distribution: The attacker can inject malicious code into the website to infect visitors.
- Denial of Service: The attacker can disrupt the availability of the Terminalfour system, preventing legitimate users from accessing it.
Mitigation and Patch Steps
The primary mitigation step is to upgrade Terminalfour to a version beyond 8.4.1.1, which contains the fix for CVE-2025-58386. Contact Terminalfour support for detailed upgrade instructions.
In the interim, before patching is possible, consider the following temporary workarounds (though these are not substitutes for patching):
- Restrict Power User Access: Limit the number of users with Power User privileges to the bare minimum required for system administration.
- Monitor User Creation/Modification: Closely monitor user creation and modification activities for any suspicious changes to user roles. Implement alerting on any unauthorized role escalations.
- Web Application Firewall (WAF) Rules: Consider implementing WAF rules to detect and block attempts to modify the
userLevelparameter in user management requests. This approach requires careful rule creation to avoid false positives.
