Overview
CVE-2025-12394 is a critical vulnerability affecting versions of the Backup Migration WordPress plugin prior to 2.0.0. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to download sensitive backup files due to improper backup path generation in specific server configurations. The plugin’s flawed logic exposes a log file containing the backup filename, which can then be used to directly access the backup archive without requiring any authentication.
Technical Details
The root cause of this vulnerability lies in how the Backup Migration plugin generates and manages backup file paths. Under certain server configurations (likely those with predictable or insufficiently randomized temporary directory structures), the plugin generates a log file containing the full path and filename of the backup archive. This log file is then accessible via a predictable URL. An unauthenticated attacker can access this log file, extract the backup filename, and then directly download the backup archive, potentially containing sensitive website data and configurations.
CVSS Analysis
At the time of writing, the CVSS score for CVE-2025-12394 is not available (N/A). However, due to the potential for complete website compromise, the vulnerability should be considered critical. The lack of authentication required for exploitation dramatically increases the severity of the issue.
Possible Impact
Successful exploitation of CVE-2025-12394 can lead to severe consequences, including:
- Complete Website Compromise: Attackers can gain access to the entire website database, including user credentials, sensitive data, and configuration files.
- Data Breach: Stolen data can be used for malicious purposes, such as identity theft, financial fraud, or extortion.
- Website Defacement: Attackers can modify the website content, inject malicious code, or redirect users to phishing sites.
- Denial of Service (DoS): Attackers could manipulate or delete the website’s files, rendering it unusable.
Mitigation and Patch Steps
The most effective mitigation is to immediately update the Backup Migration WordPress plugin to version 2.0.0 or later. This version contains a fix that addresses the improper backup path generation and prevents unauthenticated access to backup files.
- Update the Plugin: Log in to your WordPress admin dashboard, navigate to the “Plugins” section, and update the Backup Migration plugin to the latest available version.
- Verify the Update: After updating, confirm that the plugin version is 2.0.0 or higher.
- Monitor for Suspicious Activity: Keep a close eye on your website’s logs and security alerts for any signs of unauthorized access or malicious activity.
- Consider Additional Security Measures: Implement additional security measures, such as a web application firewall (WAF) and regular security audits, to further protect your website.
