Overview
CVE-2025-12628 identifies a security vulnerability within the WP 2FA WordPress plugin. This vulnerability stems from the plugin’s method of generating backup codes for two-factor authentication. The backup codes lack sufficient entropy, making them susceptible to brute-force attacks. A successful brute-force attack allows an attacker to bypass the second factor, gaining unauthorized access to the WordPress account.
Technical Details
The core issue lies in the algorithm used by the WP 2FA plugin to generate backup codes. Instead of utilizing a cryptographically secure random number generator (CSPRNG) with a sufficient number of bits of entropy, the plugin employs a less robust method. This results in backup codes with a limited number of possible combinations. An attacker can then systematically try different combinations until the correct backup code is found. The published date of the vulnerability is 2025-11-24T13:16:01.223.
CVSS Analysis
As of the publication date, the severity and CVSS score for CVE-2025-12628 are listed as N/A (Not Available). However, given the potential for complete account takeover, it’s likely that once a CVSS score is assigned, it will be rated as a high or critical severity vulnerability, particularly if remote exploitation is feasible. Users should be aware that even without a CVSS score, the impact of this vulnerability can be significant.
Possible Impact
A successful exploit of CVE-2025-12628 can have severe consequences:
- Account Takeover: Attackers can gain complete control of affected WordPress accounts.
- Data Breach: If the compromised account has access to sensitive data, that data could be exposed.
- Website Defacement: Attackers can modify website content.
- Malware Distribution: Attackers can inject malicious code into the website to infect visitors.
- SEO Poisoning: Attackers can manipulate the website’s SEO to distribute malware or phishing scams.
Mitigation and Patch Steps
- Update WP 2FA Plugin: The most important step is to immediately update the WP 2FA plugin to the latest version. The plugin developers should release a patched version that addresses the weak entropy issue in the backup code generation.
- Regenerate Backup Codes (If Possible): If the updated version allows for it, regenerate all existing backup codes after updating the plugin. This ensures that any previously generated weak codes are replaced with stronger ones.
- Consider Alternative 2FA Plugins: If a patch is not immediately available or if you have concerns about the plugin’s security practices, consider switching to a more reputable two-factor authentication plugin. Research and select a plugin known for its strong security measures and active maintenance.
- Monitor for Suspicious Activity: Keep a close eye on your WordPress website’s logs for any unusual login attempts or other suspicious activity.
