Overview
CVE-2025-63228 details a critical unauthenticated file upload vulnerability affecting the Mozart FM Transmitter, specifically version WEBMOZZI-00287. This flaw allows a remote attacker to upload arbitrary files to the affected system without authentication, leading to potential remote code execution and complete system compromise. This vulnerability resides in the /upload_file.php endpoint of the web management interface.
Technical Details
The vulnerability stems from a lack of proper authentication and input validation within the /upload_file.php endpoint. An attacker can craft a malicious POST request containing a file (e.g., a PHP webshell) and send it to the server. Because no authentication is required and there are insufficient checks on the uploaded file’s content or type, the file is accepted and stored in the /upload/ directory.
The ability to upload arbitrary files, especially executable code like PHP scripts, directly to a publicly accessible directory allows the attacker to execute the uploaded file via a web browser. This, in turn, grants them remote code execution capabilities on the server, potentially leading to full system compromise. The attacker can then steal sensitive data, install malware, or use the compromised system as a launching point for further attacks.
CVSS Analysis
As of the publication date of this article, the CVSS score for CVE-2025-63228 is not yet available (N/A). However, based on the severity and potential impact (unauthenticated remote code execution), it is highly likely that the vulnerability will be assigned a Critical CVSS severity rating. A CVSS score between 9.0 and 10.0 is anticipated.
Factors contributing to this potential high score include:
- No Authentication Required: Any attacker can exploit this vulnerability without needing valid credentials.
- Remote Code Execution: Successful exploitation leads to the ability to execute arbitrary code on the server.
- Full System Compromise: The attacker can potentially gain complete control of the affected system.
Possible Impact
The exploitation of CVE-2025-63228 can have severe consequences, including:
- Remote Code Execution (RCE): Attackers can execute arbitrary commands on the affected system.
- Data Breach: Sensitive data stored on the FM transmitter or connected networks could be stolen.
- System Takeover: Complete control of the FM transmitter, potentially allowing attackers to disrupt broadcasts or inject malicious audio.
- Lateral Movement: The compromised system can be used as a stepping stone to attack other devices or networks connected to the FM transmitter.
- Denial of Service (DoS): Attackers could crash the system, causing disruption to broadcasting services.
Mitigation or Patch Steps
The following steps should be taken to mitigate the risk associated with CVE-2025-63228:
- Immediate Patching: Apply the official patch released by DB Broadcast as soon as it becomes available. Monitor DB Broadcast’s website for updates.
- Network Segmentation: Isolate the FM transmitter on a separate network segment to limit the impact of a potential breach.
- Web Application Firewall (WAF): Implement a WAF to filter malicious requests to the
/upload_file.phpendpoint. The WAF rules should focus on preventing the upload of executable files. - Input Validation: Even if a patch is applied, review and improve input validation on all file upload endpoints to prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future. Ensure file types are strictly validated, and file sizes are limited.
- Disable Uploads (If Possible): If file uploads are not a critical functionality, consider disabling them entirely until a proper patch is implemented and validated.
- Monitor Logs: Regularly monitor system logs for suspicious activity, particularly related to file uploads and access to the
/upload/directory.
