Overview
CVE-2025-60702 is a critical command injection vulnerability affecting TOTOLINK A950RG routers running firmware version V5.9c.4592_B20191022_ALL. This flaw allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the affected device. This is achieved by injecting malicious code into the `ipDoamin` parameter of the `setDiagnosisCfg` function, which is then executed by the router’s operating system. Due to the lack of input sanitization, the attacker can bypass security measures and gain full control of the router.
Technical Details
The vulnerability resides in the `system.so` binary of the router’s firmware. Specifically, the `setDiagnosisCfg` function is vulnerable. This function retrieves the `ipDoamin` parameter from user input using `websGetVar`. Critically, the value retrieved is directly concatenated into a `ping` system command and executed using `CsteSystem()` without any sanitization. This lack of input validation makes the router susceptible to command injection attacks.
Here’s a simplified illustration of the vulnerable code flow:
// Vulnerable Code (Conceptual)
string ipDomain = websGetVar(request, "ipDoamin");
string command = "ping " + ipDomain;
CsteSystem(command);
An attacker can inject arbitrary commands by crafting a malicious HTTP request with a specially crafted `ipDoamin` parameter. For example:
POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: [Router IP Address]
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
page=diag&action=ping&ipDoamin=;reboot;
In this example, the injected command `reboot` will be executed after the `ping` command, causing the router to restart.
CVSS Analysis
As of the publication of this article, a CVSS score is not yet available for CVE-2025-60702. However, given the ability for unauthenticated remote code execution, it is highly likely that this vulnerability will receive a Critical severity rating with a CVSS score likely in the range of 9.0-10.0.
Possible Impact
Successful exploitation of CVE-2025-60702 can have severe consequences, including:
- Complete System Compromise: Attackers can gain full control of the router, allowing them to modify settings, install malware, and monitor network traffic.
- Data Theft: Sensitive data transmitted through the router can be intercepted and stolen.
- Denial of Service (DoS): The router can be rendered unusable, disrupting network connectivity.
- Botnet Recruitment: Compromised routers can be added to botnets and used to launch attacks against other systems.
- Lateral Movement: If the router is part of a larger network, attackers can use it as a pivot point to gain access to other devices and systems on the network.
Mitigation and Patch Steps
The primary mitigation strategy is to apply the latest firmware update released by TOTOLINK. Visit the TOTOLINK website to download and install the latest firmware version for your A950RG router. Specifically, check for versions after V5.9c.4592_B20191022_ALL.
Until a patch is available, consider the following temporary workarounds (although these may impact functionality):
- Disable Remote Management: If possible, disable remote management access to the router to reduce the attack surface.
- Restrict Access: Implement firewall rules to restrict access to the router’s web interface from untrusted networks.
