Overview
CVE-2025-55810 details a critical vulnerability found in the Alaga Home Security WiFi Camera 3K (model S-CW2503C-H). This security flaw, affecting hardware version V03 and firmware version 1.4.2, allows a physical attacker to execute commands as root. This is achieved by placing a specially crafted script file with a specific name on an SD card and inserting it into the camera.
Technical Details
The vulnerability stems from a lack of proper input validation within the camera’s firmware when processing files from the SD card. Specifically, the camera seems to automatically execute script files with a predefined, predictable name when present on the SD card during boot or operation. An attacker can leverage this behavior by creating a script file containing malicious commands and naming it accordingly. When the camera accesses the SD card, this script will be executed with root privileges, granting the attacker complete control over the device.
The exact mechanism of how the script name is identified or what specific permissions are granted to the script during execution requires further investigation. However, the report clearly indicates successful privilege escalation to root level.
CVSS Analysis
Currently, the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) score for CVE-2025-55810 is listed as N/A. However, given the potential for root command execution, this vulnerability should be considered highly critical. A CVSS score will likely be assigned soon. The factors that contribute to the severity include:
- Attack Vector: Physical (requires physical access to the camera)
- Attack Complexity: Likely Low (creating and naming a script file is relatively simple)
- Privileges Required: None (achieved through automated script execution)
- User Interaction: None (automatic execution)
- Scope: Changed (vulnerability affects the camera system)
- Confidentiality Impact: High (attacker gains access to sensitive information)
- Integrity Impact: High (attacker can modify system files and settings)
- Availability Impact: High (attacker can render the device unusable)
Once a CVSS score is formally assigned, it is expected to be in the critical range (9.0-10.0).
Possible Impact
The exploitation of CVE-2025-55810 can have severe consequences:
- Complete Device Control: An attacker gains full control of the camera, allowing them to monitor video feeds, audio recordings, and modify camera settings.
- Data Theft: Sensitive data stored on the camera or transmitted through the network can be stolen.
- Malware Installation: The camera can be used as a foothold to install malware and spread it to other devices on the network.
- Botnet Recruitment: The compromised camera can be added to a botnet and used for malicious activities, such as DDoS attacks.
- Privacy Violation: Unlawful access to video and audio feeds can lead to severe privacy violations for the camera’s users.
Mitigation or Patch Steps
Currently, there are no official mitigation or patch steps released by Alaga. However, users can take the following precautions:
- Avoid Physical Access: The most effective mitigation is to prevent unauthorized physical access to the camera.
- Remove SD Card: If an SD card is not required, remove it from the camera.
- Monitor Alaga’s Website: Regularly check Alaga’s official website for firmware updates and security advisories.
- Network Segmentation: Isolate the camera on a separate network segment to limit the impact of a potential compromise.
- Contact Alaga Support: Contact Alaga’s customer support to inquire about the vulnerability and request a firmware update.
Users should immediately update the camera’s firmware once a patch is released by Alaga.
